• Effective observation

• Good anticipation

• Effective use of mirrors

• Continual re-assessment of other vehicles

• Reading the road ahead

• Joining from slip roads, judgement of speed and position of other vehicles

• Following distances

• Safe overtaking

• Courtesy to other road users

Topics to be covered:

• Forward planning and observation • Reaction to other road users

• Lane discipline

• Safe lane changing

• Separation distances

• Reaction to road signs and markings

• Awareness and planning

• Judgement of faster moving traffic

• Vehicle lighting requirements

• Journey planning, use of Service Areas

• How to avoid fatigue, adequate ventilation

• Joining and leaving motorways, using acceleration and deceleration lanes

• Emerging and safe overtaking

• Assessing other traffic

• Understanding Crawler Lanes and slow-moving traffic

• Dealing with LGVs, high sided vehicles, side winds and turbulence • Driving in adverse weather conditions, high winds, rain, spray, fog, snow/ice

• Smart Motorways, Gantry Signs and lane use

• Understanding Marker Posts and Safety Telephones

• Accident and breakdown procedures

• Dealing with multi-agency incidents

• Dealing with contraflow and other road maintenance

• Safe use of Hard Shoulders

• How to react to Emergency Vehicles and Highways Agency Officers